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<title>PRNET</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PRNET</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Packet Radio Network</b> (<b>PRNET</b>) was a set of early, experimental <a href="Mobile_ad_hoc_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile ad hoc network">mobile ad hoc networks</a> whose technologies evolved over time. It was funded by the <a href="Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency">Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (ARPA). Major participants in the project included <a href="BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">BBN Technologies</a>, <a href="Hazeltine_Corporation" title="Hazeltine Corporation">Hazeltine Corporation</a>, <a href="Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a>'s Collins division, and <a href="SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>ARPA initiated the PRNET project in 1973, funding both theoretical and experimental research. Its goals were outlined in a 1975 paper by <a href="Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a>, namely, to investigate the feasibility of using packet-switched, store-and-forward radio communications to provide reliable computer communications in a mobile environment. The earlier <a href="ALOHAnet" title="ALOHAnet">ALOHAnet</a> served as an inspiration, but PRNET tackled a significantly harder set of problems, namely, multi-hop communications between mobile vehicles without a central station. In Kahn's initial conception, the overall system design was "predicated upon the existence of an array of low cost repeaters", where he defines the term to mean "a particular kind of packet radio which is equipped to retransmit by radio some or all packets which it receives by radio". In today's terminology, this might be called a <i>router</i> or a <i>packet switch</i>, rather than a radio repeater.

</p><p>The first PRNET was established under the auspices of SRI in the San Francisco Bay Area, with BBN contributing network technology and Collins creating the Experimental Packet Radios (EPRs), which implemented L-band spread-spectrum waveforms and supported half-duplex communications at 100 or 400 kilobits/second. There was also a smaller network at BBN, for software development and testing. The first packet radios were delivered in mid-1975 for initial testing and a quasi-operational network capability was established for the first time in September 1976, shortly after the prototype networking software was developed. By 1977, this software included radio network routing control; a gateway to other networks; network measurement; debugging tools; and configuration tools.

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<p>PRNET was sufficiently advanced by 1977 to participate in the initial three-way internetworking demonstration, which linked a mobile vehicle in PRNET with nodes in the <a href="ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, and via <a href="SATNET" title="SATNET">SATNET</a>, to nodes in London run by <a href="Peter_T._Kirstein" title="Peter T. Kirstein">Peter Kirstein's</a> research group at <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, it was usually attached to the ARPANET so that BBN software developers could access and update it from Cambridge. By June 1978, about 25 radio nodes were available.

</p><p>By September 1979, "Ron [Kunzelman] reported that SRI is now operating two PRNETs in the San Francisco bay area, and one PRNET at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. The net at Ft. Bragg is now eight terminals on two TIUs, and will grow to forty terminals."<sup id="cite_ref-ien121_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ien121-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Experimental Packet Radios were later replaced by Upgraded Packet Radios (UPR), circa 1978, and in 1986 by Low-Cost Packet Radio (LPR) as part of DARPA's follow-on <a href="SURAN" title="SURAN">SURAN</a> project.

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<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">History of the Internet</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKirstein1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kirstein, P.T. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207092443/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4773/f19792f9fce8eacba72e5f8c2a021414e52d.pdf">"Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">38–</span>44. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F85.759368">10.1109/85.759368</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1934-1547">1934-1547</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1558618">1558618</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4773/f19792f9fce8eacba72e5f8c2a021414e52d.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-07.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ien121-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ien121_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Postel1979" class="citation cs1"><a href="Jon_Postel" title="Jon Postel">J. Postel</a> (October 25, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien121.txt"><i>Internet Meeting Notes - 10, 11, 12 & 13 September 1979</i></a>. Internet Experiment Note. IEN 121.</cite></span>

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<ul><li><a href="Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, "The organization of computer resources into a packet radio network", AFIPS '75 Proceedings, May 19–22, 1975, pages 177-186.</li>

<li>J. Burchfiel, R. Tomlinson and M. Beeler, "Functions and Structure of a Packet Radio Station," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Volume 44, 1975, AFIPS Press, Montvale, N.J.</li>

<li>Darryl E. Rubin, "Army Packet Radio Network Protocol Study", SRI International, November 1977.</li>

<li><a href="Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, Steven A. Gronemeyer, Jerry Burchfiel, Ronald C. Kunzelman, "Advances in Packet Radio Technology", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, no. 11, November 1978, pages 1468–1498.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJohn_SchochLarry_Stewart1979" class="citation cs1">John Schoch; Larry Stewart (February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien78.pdf"><i>Internetwork Experiments with the Bay Area Packet Radio Network</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Internet Experiment Note. IEN 78.</cite></li>

<li>J. Jubin, "Current packet radio network protocols", lNFOCOM‘85 Proc., Mar. 1985.</li>

<li>J. Westcott and J. Jubin, "A distributed routing design for a broadcast environment," in MILCOM’82 Proc., 1982.</li>

<li>John Jubin and Janet D. Tornow, "The DARPA Packet Radio Network Protocols", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 75, no. 1, January 1987, pages 21–32.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Packet_radio99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Packet_radio" title="Packet radio">Packet radio</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ALOHAnet" title="ALOHAnet">ALOHAnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Terminal_node_controller" title="Terminal node controller">Terminal node controller</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System" title="Automatic Packet Reporting System">APRS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="APRS_Calling" title="APRS Calling">APRS Calling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">TCP/IP packet radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AMPRNet" title="AMPRNet">AMPRNet</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spartan_Packet_Radio_Experiment" title="Spartan Packet Radio Experiment">Spartan</a></li>

<li><a href="Encoder_receiver_transmitter" title="Encoder receiver transmitter">Encoder receiver transmitter</a></li></ul>

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